Product Description
Production Process
| 1, Raw material: | use ESR ingot. ESR need to melt twice, secondary refining process.Non metallic inclusions in steel are absorbed by slag. |
| 2, Heat | Natural gas heating furnaces are monitored and controlled by computer programs to ensure precise heating within set time and temperature range as required. |
| 3, Forging | Calculate the appropriate forging ratio based on the shape to avoid material waste. Select appropriate equipment for forging. Make the product undergo complete forging and pressing. |
| 4, Normalized: | can improve the toughness of steel |
| 5, Aligning | For shaft, roller, round bar |
| 6, Pre-machining | Remove surface oxide scale and inspect for defects. More conducive to complete immersion during tempering. |
| 7, Make UT | Qualified technicians shall conduct ultrasonic testing operations. Ensure that the product is 100% inspected and qualified. Magnetic particle testing and penetration testing can also be performed. |
| 8, Heat treatment: | Quenching&Tempering, to meet mechanical performance requirements.We will manufacture samples and continuously adjust the CZPT temperature to meet the required performance requirements. Ensure 100% success data is obtained before mass production. |
| 9,Mechanical performance inspection and twice UP inspection | Hardness,Tensile strength,Yield Strength,Percentage elongation,Impact |
| 10,Precision machining, to achieve dimenssion on drawings. | We will pay attention to the tolerance requirements for each dimension. Surface smoothness requirements. The depth and type of drilling. Geometric tolerances, parallelism, perpendicularity, runout tolerances, concentricity, etc. |
| 11,Packing and delivery. | We will choose packaging methods that can protect the product and are suitable for sea transportation. With a complete supply chain, products can be transported to your factory by sea or rail. |
The materials we can forging
| Stainless Steel: | SS201,SS301, SS303, SS304, SS316, SS316L,SS416 ,AISI 440C,17-4PH etc. |
| Steel/Alloy: | mild steel, Carbon steel, 4140, 4340,65Mn,60Si2Mn, Q235, Q345B, 1571steel, 1045steel,A106,A105, A570-50,CR-MO4130,Astm A487 grade 9A, 52100 Bearing steel ,S45c, Sm490A, AVP/S235JRG2,DD14, 1.0037 ,etc, ASTM 1197-47, 25CRMO4V,SCM435, 11SMNPB30,1. 0571 ,.A36 |
| Brass: | HPb63, HPb62, HPb61, HPb59, H59, H62, H68, H80 ,Bronze 660, C93200,Bronze CDA873 or 956,CDA873,C95600,MAILEABLE IRON ASTM A47-77, etc. |
| Copper: | C11000,C12000,C12000 C36000,C100 etc. |
| Aluminum: | AL1100,AL6061, Al6063-T6, AL6082, AL7075, AL5052, A380 etc. |
| Titanium: | CP Ti,Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-4V Eli,Ti-3Al-2.5V,Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Eli,Ti-0.05Pd, Ti-0.2Pd, Ti-6Al-7Nb,Ti-13Nb-13Zr,Ti-0.1Ru,Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr,Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru,Etc. |
| The Surface Treatment: | Zinc plating, Chrome plating, Nickel plating, Tin plating, Polishing, Anodizing, Power-coating, Dacromet, Oxide black, Sandblast Anodizing, Electroless nickel, Fe/Zn8/C PER ISO 2081, etc. |
Production capacity
| Design: | We use the most advanced CZPT design software Auto CAD, Pro/E, Solidworks, UG (dwg, dxf, IGS, STP, X-T) |
| Manufacture: | We use advanced technology, unmatched skill, professional and advanced equipment size range from 10kg -10T, and experienced technicians to fit our customers requirements, like tooling manufacturing,forging CNC machining, Assembling and surface treatment service |
| Process and Capability: | Cnc machining, Threading, Welding, Tapping, Riveting, Grinding, Laser cutting,Metal Fabrication,forming,spinning, CNC Punching, Plasma cutting, Goffered, Stretch forming ,Tig/Mig Welding,Assembling, Shearing, Blanking, CNC Bending………… |
| Price Terms: | Fob HangZhou or ZheJiang or any other port in CHINA. EXW, CIF, DDP, DDU. We have a mature supply chain and can provide door-to-door services. |
| Lead time: | 20-50days based on the different products |
| Packaging: | Wooden package and canton case or as per customers’ requirement |
| Certification: | ISO9001:2018 , SGS , TS16949,API 8C |
| Industry: | these parts are used in hydraulic presses, press line automation and die handling equipment,Automotive, Electrical, Building, Furniture, Machine assembly, Computer, Air industry , Oil field Equipments, Marine equipments, Mine equipment,Agricultural Machines,Transportation Equipments, OEM/ODM Electronics…… |
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| Processing Object: | Metal |
|---|---|
| Molding Style: | Forging |
| Molding Technics: | Pressure Casting |
| Application: | Machinery Parts |
| Material: | Steel |
| Heat Treatment: | Quenching |
| Samples: |
US$ 1/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
What is the role of axles in electric vehicles, and how do they differ from traditional axles?
Electric vehicles (EVs) have unique requirements when it comes to their drivetrain systems, including the axles. The role of axles in EVs is similar to traditional vehicles, but there are some key differences. Here’s a detailed explanation of the role of axles in electric vehicles and how they differ from traditional axles:
Role of Axles in Electric Vehicles:
The primary role of axles in electric vehicles is to transmit torque from the electric motor(s) to the wheels, enabling vehicle propulsion. The axles connect the motor(s) to the wheels and provide support for the weight of the vehicle. Axles are responsible for transferring the rotational force generated by the electric motor(s) to the wheels, allowing the vehicle to move forward or backward.
In electric vehicles, the axles are an integral part of the drivetrain system, which typically includes an electric motor(s), power electronics, and a battery pack. The axles play a crucial role in ensuring efficient power transfer and delivering the desired performance and handling characteristics of the vehicle.
Differences from Traditional Axles:
While the fundamental role of axles in electric vehicles is the same as in traditional vehicles, there are some notable differences due to the unique characteristics of electric propulsion systems:
1. Integration with Electric Motors: In electric vehicles, the axles are often integrated with the electric motors. This means that the motor(s) and axle assembly are combined into a single unit, commonly referred to as an “electric axle” or “e-axle.” This integration helps reduce the overall size and weight of the drivetrain system and simplifies installation in the vehicle.
2. High Torque Requirements: Electric motors generate high amounts of torque from the moment they start, providing instant acceleration. As a result, axles in electric vehicles need to handle higher torque loads compared to traditional axles. They are designed to withstand the torque output of the electric motor(s) and efficiently transmit it to the wheels.
3. Regenerative Braking: Electric vehicles often utilize regenerative braking, which converts the vehicle’s kinetic energy into electrical energy and stores it in the battery. The axles in electric vehicles may incorporate systems or components that enable regenerative braking, such as sensors, controllers, and electric brake actuators.
4. Space Optimization: Electric vehicles often have different packaging requirements compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The axles in electric vehicles are designed to accommodate the space constraints and specific layout of the vehicle, considering the placement of the battery pack, electric motor(s), and other components.
5. Weight Considerations: Electric vehicles strive to optimize weight distribution to enhance efficiency and handling. Axles in electric vehicles may be designed with lightweight materials or innovative construction techniques to minimize weight while maintaining structural integrity and durability.
It’s important to note that the specific design and characteristics of axles in electric vehicles can vary depending on the vehicle manufacturer, drivetrain configuration (e.g., front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, all-wheel drive), and other factors. Automotive manufacturers and suppliers continually innovate and develop new axle technologies to meet the evolving demands of electric vehicle propulsion systems.
How do axle ratios impact the performance and fuel efficiency of a vehicle?
The axle ratio of a vehicle plays a crucial role in determining its performance characteristics and fuel efficiency. Here’s a detailed explanation of how axle ratios impact these aspects:
Performance:
The axle ratio refers to the ratio of the number of rotations the driveshaft makes to the number of rotations the axle makes. A lower axle ratio, such as 3.23:1, means the driveshaft rotates 3.23 times for every rotation of the axle, while a higher ratio, like 4.10:1, indicates more driveshaft rotations per axle rotation.
A lower axle ratio, also known as a numerically higher ratio, provides better low-end torque and acceleration. This is because the engine’s power is multiplied as it goes through the gears, resulting in quicker acceleration from a standstill or at lower speeds. Vehicles with lower axle ratios are commonly found in trucks and performance-oriented vehicles where quick acceleration and towing capacity are desired.
On the other hand, a higher axle ratio, or numerically lower ratio, sacrifices some of the low-end torque for higher top-end speed and fuel efficiency. Vehicles with higher axle ratios are typically used in highway driving scenarios where maintaining higher speeds and maximizing fuel efficiency are prioritized.
Fuel Efficiency:
The axle ratio directly affects the engine’s RPM (revolutions per minute) at a given vehicle speed. A lower axle ratio keeps the engine running at higher RPMs, which may result in increased fuel consumption. However, this ratio can provide better towing capabilities and improved off-the-line acceleration.
In contrast, a higher axle ratio allows the engine to operate at lower RPMs during cruising speeds. This can lead to improved fuel efficiency because the engine doesn’t have to work as hard to maintain the desired speed. It’s worth noting that other factors, such as engine efficiency, aerodynamics, and vehicle weight, also influence fuel efficiency.
Manufacturers carefully select the axle ratio based on the vehicle’s intended purpose and desired performance characteristics. Some vehicles may offer multiple axle ratio options to cater to different driving preferences and requirements.
It’s important to consider that changing the axle ratio can have implications on the overall drivetrain system. Modifying the axle ratio can affect the vehicle’s speedometer accuracy, transmission shifting points, and may require recalibration of the engine control unit (ECU) to maintain optimal performance.
As always, for precise information on a specific vehicle’s axle ratio and its impact on performance and fuel efficiency, it is best to consult the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications or consult with automotive experts.
Can you explain the importance of axle alignment for vehicle stability and handling?
Axle alignment plays a crucial role in ensuring vehicle stability and handling characteristics. Proper alignment of the axles is essential for maintaining optimal tire contact with the road surface, minimizing tire wear, maximizing traction, and promoting safe and predictable handling. Here are the key reasons why axle alignment is important:
- Tire Wear and Longevity:
- Optimal Traction:
- Steering Response and Stability:
- Reduced Rolling Resistance:
- Vehicle Safety:
Correct axle alignment helps distribute the vehicle’s weight evenly across all four tires. When the axles are properly aligned, the tires wear evenly, reducing the risk of premature tire wear and extending their lifespan. Misaligned axles can cause uneven tire wear patterns, such as excessive wear on the inner or outer edges of the tires, leading to the need for premature tire replacement.
Proper axle alignment ensures that the tires maintain optimal contact with the road surface. When the axles are aligned correctly, the tires can evenly distribute the driving forces, maximizing traction and grip. This is particularly important during acceleration, braking, and cornering, as proper alignment helps prevent tire slippage and improves overall vehicle stability.
Axle alignment directly affects steering response and stability. When the axles are properly aligned, the vehicle responds predictably to driver inputs, providing precise and accurate steering control. Misaligned axles can lead to steering inconsistencies, such as pulling to one side or requiring constant correction, compromising vehicle stability and handling.
Proper axle alignment helps reduce rolling resistance, which is the force required to move the vehicle forward. When the axles are aligned correctly, the tires roll smoothly and effortlessly, minimizing energy loss due to friction. This can contribute to improved fuel efficiency and reduced operating costs.
Correct axle alignment is crucial for ensuring vehicle safety. Misaligned axles can affect the vehicle’s stability, especially during emergency maneuvers or sudden lane changes. Proper alignment helps maintain the intended handling characteristics of the vehicle, reducing the risk of loss of control and improving overall safety.
To achieve proper axle alignment, several key parameters are considered, including camber, toe, and caster angles. Camber refers to the vertical tilt of the wheel when viewed from the front, toe refers to the angle of the wheels in relation to each other when viewed from above, and caster refers to the angle of the steering axis in relation to vertical when viewed from the side. These alignment angles are adjusted to meet the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications and ensure optimal performance.
It’s important to note that factors such as road conditions, driving habits, and vehicle modifications can affect axle alignment over time. Regular maintenance and periodic alignment checks are recommended to ensure that the axles remain properly aligned, promoting vehicle stability, handling, and safety.
editor by CX 2024-04-30